Pdf steinmetz analogy between magnetic and dielectric. Analogy between mechanical and electrical systems mechanical springmass electric rlc system with damping series circuit mx. Fhsst physicselectricityvoltage and current wikibooks. An expression for the total electric and magnetic forces on a single particle is required to treat beam dynamics. Chapter 25 current, resistance and electromotive force current resistivity resistance. While studying control theory, i came across the following two phrases. Current in an inductor is just like velocity of a massboth keep going in the absence of any voltage or force, respectively. Resistance r spring constant k elastance 1c external force ft electromotive force. The terms voltage and electric potential are ambiguous in that, in practice, they can refer to either of these in different contexts. Electrical principlescorrespondence version page 2 7 resistance r voltage v current i table 2.
Similarly, there is a torque current analogy for rotational mechanical systems. Variations of these analogies are used for rotating mechanical systems, such as in electric motors. Jan 19, 2018 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. But there are two types of electrical analogies are there in translational mechanical systems which are force voltage analogy and force current analogy. Force current and force voltag analogy cr4 discussion thread. Electricity and the waterfall analogy chemistry libretexts.
As was previously mentioned, we need more than just a continuous path circuit before a continuous flow of electrons will occur. For a step up down transformer, the lever is longer shorter on the force source side of the fulcrum. The voltmeters two probes are touched to the two locations in a circuit between which we. Analogy between electric and uid circuits dan styer a simple circuit e r i i i i electric circuit water flow circuit pump rapid plateau lowlevel flatland electric current coulombssec. Below is an analogy between basketball and current in a closed circuit. Find the analogous electrical system using the forcevoltage analogy. In this paper we examine the physical justification for these analogies to. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Voltage is the electrical force that would drive an electric current between two points.
Force voltage analogy the mathematical equations of translational mechanical system are compared with mesh equations of the electrical system. The temperature, under thermal and electrical system analogy, is considered analogous to a voltage b current c capacitance d charge e none of the above ans. In the impedance analogy, for instance, this results in force and velocity being analogous to voltage and current respectively. Electric currents can also be used directly in chemica. Explain why emf is important to the flow of electrical current. The force is perpendicular to both the current element and magnetic field vector. In electricalpneumatic system analogy the current is considered analogous to a velocity b pressure c air flow d air flow rate ans. Forcecurrent analogy now that we have discussed mechanical system as well as electrical system. Voltage and current as was previously mentioned, we need more than just a continuous path circuit before a continuous flow of electrons will occur.
Force current analogy in control engineering by engineering funda, control system engineering duration. Jun 08, 2018 outline introduction to analogous system. In the more general case with electric and magnetic fields that vary with. Magnetomotive force is an effort variable electrical current is a flow variable. Electrons move because they get pushed by some external force.
You can look at the force as tiny electric field springs between the electrons. In force voltage analogy, the mathematical equations of translational. Just like marbles in a tube or water in a pipe, it takes some kind of influencing force to initiate flow. Intro to electricity nyu tandon school of engineering. In any case, electrostatic force actually moves the electrons. Using the forcevoltage analogy learned in the class, obtain a mechanical system analogous to the electrical system shown below you may use mechanical elements, such as mass m, damper b, spring k, for the answer. Jan 19, 2018 force voltage analogy watch more videos at lecture by. To apply this analogy, every loop in the electrical circuit becomes a point in the mechanical system. Current and voltage are two fundamental quantities in electricity. On electrical analogues of mechanical systems and their using in. Once you have voltage and amps you can use electromagnetic force, to pull or push things towards or away or convert it into rotary motion like in a motor. Voltage, as an expression of potential energy, is always relative between two locations, or. That gives energy to the electrons that is recovered when they are pushed back out by the voltage force. With electrons, this force is the same force at work in static electricity.
Electrical analogies of mechanical systems in control. This intuitive analogy is worked out in detail on the right side of the table. We also need to know something about the force that causes the electrons to move in an electrical circuit. Current vs voltage difference and comparison diffen. True, the e field generates the force but the voltage is a measure of the e field so i. Those are force voltage analogy and force current analogy. Chapter 25 current, resistance and electromotive force current resistivity resistance electromotive force and circuits energy and power in electric circuits theory of metallic conduction.
Force voltage analogy watch more videos at lecture by. Syed h slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The player does work to move the ball up and the ball. Remember the difference between voltage and current measurements. Capacitor water pipe analogy i in the water pipe analogy, a capacitor is thought of as a water pipe. Voltage, current, resistance, power the mountain analogy. Current i is the time rate of charge transfer through a cross sectional area.
Force or better, pressure is analogous to voltage flow is analogous to current piping restrictions are analogous to resistance. Define electric current electric current and electromotive force. In the more general case with electric and magnetic fields that vary with time, the terms are no longer synonymous. As dgelder pointed out, that is a different but also valid analogy often referred to as the force voltage analogy. List several examples of sources of electromotive force. Current then becomes velocity, and capacitance then becomes compliance, inverse spring constant. The term electromotive force was first used by volta in a letter to giovanni aldini in 1798, and first appeared in a published paper in. Term definition symbol unit electrical fundamental q coulomb charge property of matter voltage energy charge v or e volt. In the impedance analogy, instead of force, torque is made analogous to voltage. In force current analogy, the mathematical equations of the translational mechanical system are compared with the nodal equations of the electrical system. However, if you have a steady pressure difference you can have steady flow of air down a pipe. Explain the steps you use to find your electrical system.
After reading this section you will be able to do the following. Chapter 25 current, resistance and electromotive force. The differential current element, idl, must be related to the motion of a. In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous. Define and apply the concept of temperature coefficient of resistance. Current, voltage, resistance, and power are the four basic properties of electrical circuits. In the case of static electric fields, the voltage between two points is equal to the electrical potential difference between those points. The viscous friction coefficient, in forcevoltage analogy. In order to understand this type of analogy, let us consider a circuit which consists of parallel combination of resistor, inductor and capacitor. Voltage, current, resistance, power the mountain analogy basic properties of electrical circuits. I direct current dc as was previously mentioned, we need more than just a continuous path i. The direct analogy therefore associates an electrical impedance with a mechanical one. The mountain analogy in this article will help you to understand these properties. Multiple choice questions are penalized as described in the online help.
Voltage, as an expression of potential energy, is always relative between two locations, or points. And voltage is kind of like forcewhat pushes the current through a resistor. Control engineering force voltage analogy slideshare. Define resistivity of a material and apply formulas for its calculation. The two main ones are the force current analogy and the force voltage analogy.
You cant change the current in a coil without exerting a force voltage. Cr4 the engineers place for news and discussion new post. Current, resistance, and electromagnetic force assignment is due at 2. A current source becomes a force generator, and a voltage source becomes an input velocity. This circuit consists of current source, resistor, inductor and capacitor. Mechanicalelectrical analogies are the representation of mechanical systems as electrical. It is, therefore, evident that a new analogy is possible in which force is identified with current rather than with e. When the plunger pushes toward the diaphragm, the water in the pipe forces the diaphragm to stretch until the force of the diaphragm pushing back. True, the e field generates the force but the voltage is a measure of the e field so i think a little slop between the two is not a big deal. Current is the rate at which electric charge flows past a point in a circuit. Consider the following electrical system as shown in the following figure.
Restoring force electricity is a flow of electrons. The random component of each moving charged particles motion averages to zero i in same direction as e. Is this a proper analogy to understanding how current. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems tutorialspoint. Resistors become friction elements, capacitors become springs and inductors become masses. This is analogous to newtons second law that you cant change the velocity of a mass without exerting a force. There are two electrical analogies for mechanical systems, the force to voltage analogy and the force to current analogy 3, 5. In laymans terms, it is the measure of push available to motivate electrons. If we take the examples of wax and wool which have been rubbed together, we find that the surplus of electrons in the wax negative charge and the deficit of electrons in the wool positive charge creates an. Using the force voltage analogy learned in the class, obtain a mechanical system analogous to the electrical system shown below you may use mechanical elements, such as mass m, damper b, spring k, for the answer.
Indicate the values of all components in the electrical system resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. The force of repulsion by clark and the force of gravity at the bottom which pulled the ball. A current source becomes an input velocity, and a voltage source becomes a force generator. A voltage e is connected in parallel with these elements as shown in the circuit diagram. Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical.
Modeling and simulation of the analogous mechanical and. There are several energy sources that can force electrons to move. In this analogy, the mathematical equations of the rotational mechanical system are compared with the nodal mesh equations of the electrical system by comparing equation 4 and equation 6, we will get the analogous quantities of rotational mechanical system. The impedance analogy makes force and voltage analogous while the mobility analogy. Write and apply ohms law s law to circuits containing resistance and emf. Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical electrical. Electromotive force and circuits here we discuss sources of electromotive force, such as batteries, electric generators and solar cells, and we consider how they behave in a closed circuit. Analogous electrical and mechanical systems swarthmore college. Voltage is the measure of specific potential energy potential energy per unit charge between two locations. Having a change in voltage makes a possibility of a force, but that is a different thing from the voltage itself.